May 2019 Archives

Price Executed, Finally

| 2 Comments
Alabama yesterday finally achieved justice for the murder of Bill Lynn. Previously, the Supreme Court had effectively given murderer Christopher Price a stay by waiting too long to vacate the stays erroneously granted by lower federal courts. See prior posts here and here.

Justice Breyer wrote a dissent more notable for what it does not say than what it says.

Moral Acceptability Survey

| No Comments
Gallup is out with its moral acceptability survey. "Regardless of whether or not you think it should be legal, for each [issue], please tell me whether you personally believe that in general it is morally acceptable or morally wrong."

The death penalty comes in at 60% acceptable to 35% not. The 25% acceptable-not spread is exactly the same as three years ago, when it was 59-34. The ideological spread is significant but less than most other non-consensus issues, with 66% of self-identified conservatives and 46% of self-identified liberals saying it is morally acceptable.

Broken Windows Works

| No Comments
Matt DeLisi has this article in the City Journal with the above title. The subtitle is "Don't be fooled by the latest efforts to discredit the criminological theory that underpins safer streets and cities."
Sex offenders released from prison are three times as likely as other released offenders to be arrested for a new sex crime within nine years of release.

Sex offenders released from prison are less likely than other offenders to be arrested for a new crime within nine years of release.

Both of these statements are true, according to a study released today by the U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics. See the spin potential?

I predict that this study will be exploited in numerous statistics crimes within a year of its release.

News Scan

| No Comments
CA Bill to Allow Felons on Juries:   A bill by State Senator Nancy Skinner (D Berkeley) which allows people with felony records to serve on juries has cleared the Senate on a party-line vote.  Katy Grimes of the California Globe reports that SB 310 would allow counties to include the names of convicted felons not currently in jail or prison in jury pools.  Noting that felons were given the right to vote by a 2016 bill signed by Governor Jerry Brown, Senator Skinner told reporters, "There is no legitimate reason why they should be barred from serving on a jury."  Skinner said the bill addresses "a civil rights issue," because the criminal justice system has targeted "Black and Brown people in disproportionate numbers," and that making juries more diverse will help to fix this "historic wrong."  Sponsors of the bill include the ACLU, the California Public Defenders Association, and the Soros-funded Tides Advocacy.
The U.S. Supreme Court released an orders list and decisions today. There are no criminal cases of note, but there is action in two civil suits against law enforcement officers.

On the orders list, the El Paso cross-border shooting case of Hernandez v. Mesa is back for a sequel. "Once more into the breach, dear friends ..." Update: Brent Kendall has this story on the case in the WSJ.

Nieves v. Bartlett, No. 17-1174, involves a claim of retaliatory arrest when the police did, in fact, have probable cause to make the arrest. The presence of probable cause generally defeats a First Amendment retaliatory arrest claim. However, for a warrantless misdemeanor arrest, the "no-probable-cause requirement should not apply when a plaintiff presents objective evidence that he was arrested when otherwise similarly situated individuals not engaged in the same sort of protected speech had not been."

The opinion of the Court is by Chief Justice Roberts, joined in full by Justices Breyer, Alito, Kagan, and Kavanaugh. Justices Thomas, Gorsuch, and Ginsburg concur in varying parts. Only Justice Sotomayor dissents entirely. The line-up analyzers will have fun with that one.

Memorial Day 2019

| No Comments
MemorialDay2019.jpg


















Take a moment today to remember those who gave the last full measure of devotion.
For several years now, I have been tracking the crime rates reported in the FBI's Preliminary Semiannual Uniform Crime Report. The 2016 post, with notes on the data, is here. The 2018 post is here. For an earlier look at regions, rather than states, see this post from 2014.

For the current report -- data for the first half of 2018 versus the first half of 2017 in cities over 100,000 population -- we once again see that California compares unfavorably with the rest of the country. This year, though, the year-to-year change is only worse in violent crimes, not property crimes.

News Scan

| No Comments
CA Police "Use of Force" Bill Clears 1st Hurdle:  A California bill that would redefine when a police officer can use lethal force has passed out of the Assembly Public Safety Committee.  Kati Grimes of the California Globe reports that AB 392 Weber (D-San Diego) would allow criminal charges to be filed against a police officer who uses deadly force when other options are available. It specifies that deadly force is allowed when it "is necessary to defend against an imminent threat of death or serious bodily injury."  Attorney Kathleen Mastagni Storm told lawmakers that the bill moves the standard from objective reasonable deadly force to subjective, jeopardizing public safety.  The bill's author Shirley Weber disagrees, saying that the bill is not about targeting police, "but about how we have treated people for 400-years--people who don't look like us."  Recently, Governor Gavin Newsom and the Speaker of the state Assembly announced their support for the bill.  The Sacramento Bee has a slightly different take on the same bill.  
The Sacramento Brie has this report with the above headline.

Gov. Gavin Newsom launched a task force on Tuesday that will spread homeless camps from Los Angeles and San Francisco to every corner of the state.
*      *      *
Sacramento Mayor Darrell Steinberg will co-chair the new task force due to his success in building affordable housing on flood control levees.

News Scan

| No Comments
Serial Killer Facing Execution:  A Florida sex offender who admitted to raping about 40 women and murdering eight will be put to death tonight baring a last minute stay.  Alex Johnson of NBC News reports that Bobby Joe Long was arrested after a 17-year-old girl persuaded Long to release her after he kidnapped and raped her in 1984.  He was sentenced to death for the May 1984 rape and murder of 22-year-old Michelle Simms who body was found by the side of the road in a Tampa suburb.  As reported by the Associated Press, all of Long's murder victims were killed in the Tampa Bay area by strangulation, beating, or having their throats slit.  Interesting that NBC News reports that Long killed eight women and the Associated Press reports him killing ten.

Update:  Dead at 6:55 PM last night.
Dick Uliano reports for WTOP in Washington:

Not one, but two different agencies in Maryland released two teenagers from custody despite detainers from the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement.

The two teens -- Josue Rafael Fuentes-Ponce, 16, and Joel Ernesto Escobar, 17 -- are suspects in the MS-13-related killing of 14-year-old Ariana Funes-Diaz, of Anne Arundel County, whose body was found in Prince George's County May 15.

*      *      *

"The [Prince George's County] Department of Corrections follows the Guidance Memorandum of the Maryland Attorney General to not inform U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agency of individuals being released with a detainer, which is a civil matter," said Andrew Cephas, spokesman for the Prince George's County Department of Corrections, in an email.

Off-topic but interesting: National Review v. Michael Mann, No. 18-1451 asks the Supreme Court to venture once again into the topic of defamation litigation versus robust debate on issues of public importance, a problem going back to the classic case of New York Times v. Sullivan, 376 U.S. 254 (1964).

News Scan

| 10 Comments
The War On Prosecutors:  That's the title of a National Review article by John Jay College Professor Barry Latzer.  The piece focuses on the movement to elect progressive district attorneys in order to reduce so called "mass incarceration, citing a book by progressive NY Times writer Emily Bazelon "Charged: The New Movement to Transform American Prosecution and End Mass Incarceration."  Latzer notes that prosecutors are not actually responsible for the increase in prison inmates over the 80s and 90s. High crime rates and public demands for tougher sentencing laws and more police were the main causes.  Also, the claims of over incarceration and harsh sentencing are overblown. Since the turn of the century incarceration rates have been steadily dropping and actual time served for even violent crimes averaged just 4.7 years in 2016.  Other progressives want to skip the election route and remove prosecutor discretion, placing that power with government agencies.  While these suggestions appear extreme, it should be noted that rich progressives have been putting big money into electing reformers to head District Attorneys offices around the country for several years.  In states like California and Washington, stripping discretion from prosecutors and placing it with a committee of political appointees could become fashionable.    

The Treaty Defense

| 1 Comment
Herrera v. Wyoming, No. 17-532 was decided by the U.S. Supreme Court this morning. The case is mostly about tribal treaty rights and the effect of subsequent statehood on them. However, it does arise in the context of a criminal case, for hunting elk off-season and without a license, so I thought it was worth a note here. The treaty survives, and the Crow Tribe retains the right to hunt on unoccupied lands of the United States, including "unoccupied" portions of national forest, despite state law. Precise definition of "unoccupied" remains to be determined.

For those who like to keep track, it's a 5-4 decision. Justice Sotomayor wrote the opinion of the Court, joined by the other "liberals" and Justice Gorsuch. Justice Alito wrote the dissent.
U.S. Supreme Court Rule 28.7 provides that "friends of the court" (amici curiae in Latin) may participate in oral argument only with leave of the court. Unless the party supported consents, that leave will be granted "only in the most extraordinary circumstances."

From my observations of when leave is granted, I have deduced an unwritten rule based on who is asking: (1) U.S. Solicitor General: almost always; (2) States: often; (3) everyone else: once in a blue moon.

Dan Schweitzer, Supreme Court Counsel for the National Association of Attorneys General, has made a more detailed study of the States prong of this unwritten rule. He has written a post at SCOTUSblog summarizing his findings. More detail is available in his article in the Green Bag.

US DAG Confirmed

| No Comments
The Senate yesterday confirmed Deputy Transportation Secretary Jeffrey Rosen to be the new Deputy Attorney General. Sadie Gurman and Andrew Duehren have this report in the WSJ.

News Scan

| No Comments
Justice: FDA Cannot Screen Execution Drugs:  In a legal opinion announced earlier this month, the Justice Department's Office of Legal Counsel announced that despite a 2012 Federal Court injunction, the FDA does not have the authority to regulate drugs used for lethal injection.  Laurie McGinley and Mark Berman of the Washington Post report that the former head of the FDA wanted to maintain control over state access to execution drugs, but the story misses the fact that in Cook v. FDA, the agency opposed a federal district judge's 2012 injunction requiring that it perform that task.  The DOJ opinion provides support for a 2017 lawsuit by the state of Texas claiming that the FDA is preventing the state from enforcing the law.  If the injunction is lifted states would be able to import the most effective lethal injection drugs without having to win approval from the FDA.  

Which great thinker has done the most to make life better for the people of most modest means? In my view, it is not anyone in the progressive pantheon. It is George Kelling, whose work on policing, where adopted, has made formerly unlivable neighborhoods livable again.

George and James Q. Wilson collaborated writing the original "Broken Windows" article. George stayed with the public order theme, working with enlightened police departments and taking on political groups that claimed to be concerned about the poor but were actually working to make their neighborhoods into hellholes.

George passed away yesterday. I am honored to have worked with him, to have made a small contribution to his noble effort, and to call him my friend. Heather MacDonald has this obituary in the City Journal.

News Scan

| No Comments
Court: Generalized Information is Enough for Vehicle Stop:  In a May 6 memorandum opinion a panel of the Ninth Circuit unanimously upheld the conviction of a defendant found guilty of smuggling illegal aliens across the California/Mexico border.  MetNews reports that the decision rejected a claim by Juan Carlos Banderas-Gonzalez that his car was illegally stopped by border agents early in the morning near the border, arguing that the agents did not have enough evidence to meet the reasonable suspicion requirement needed to justify a stop.  The Court noted, "Here, experienced and well-trained Border Patrol agents who had a reason to be on alert at the time for potential vehicle alien pickup in the particular area they patrolled paid close attention to factors that collectively led them to stop Banderas-Gonzales. Those factors included, but were not limited to, the early morning hour, their perception that the car was not well suited for the area and was not recognized as belonging to someone who lived in the area; the vehicles out-of-area registration; the level of tinting in the car's back windows; and the movement down a road leading directly to a vulnerable portion of the border, returning back five to ten minutes later, then proceeding directly to the interstate highway that led to San Diego."  The Court determined that these factors were enough to establish reasonable suspicion.

Fireworks in Execution Cases

| No Comments
Today's criminal law action in the U.S. Supreme Court is mostly in the "Opinions Relating to Orders" section, where individual Justices opine on whether the Court should or should not have stayed an execution, taken a case up, or sent it back to a lower court for a "do over."

News Scan

| No Comments
Officer Deaths Rose in 2018:  According to an FBI report, more police officers died in the line of duty in 2018 than in 2017.  The Crime Report from John Jay College notes that more than half of the 106 officers who died were killed during the investigation or attempt to arrest people committing felonies.  The report indicated that 46 of the officer victims were white; 7 were African-American; and 2 were classified as Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander.  According to the statistics, 3 of the officers slain during felonious incidents were female.  In 2017, 94 officers died in the line of duty.

Sheriff's Work-Around to Sanctuary State Law:  A California law (SB 54) prohibiting law enforcement agencies from notifying federal Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) when illegal alien criminals are released from prison or local jails is putting communities at risk, according to newly-elected Orange County Sheriff Don Barnes.  Ian Henderson of the Epoch Times reports that last year over 1,823 inmates wanted by ICE were released from Orange County jails, but it was illegal for ICE to be notified directly.  To address this, beginning last March, the OC Sheriff's Department began to publicly release all inmate release dates, thus allowing ICE to be aware of dates when illegal alien criminals would be released from custody.  As Sheriff Barnes put it, "We have an obligation to protect all members of the communities we serve, and that includes preventing those who have committed crimes from returning to the neighborhoods they prey upon."
The Ninth Circuit held today in Prado v. Barr, No. 17-72914:

Claudia Prado ("Prado") seeks review of the Board of Immigration Appeals' conclusion that her California felony conviction for possession of marijuana was an "aggravated felony" and an offense "relating to a controlled substance" that rendered her removable. See 8 U.S.C. ยงยง 1227(a)(2)(A)(iii), (a)(2)(B)(i). Prado claims this conviction is no longer a predicate to removal because it was recalled and reclassified as a misdemeanor under California's Proposition 64. Because valid state convictions retain their immigration consequences even when modified or expunged for reasons of state public policy, we deny her petition.
Tim Arango has this story, with the above title, in the NYT.

Soft on Crime Up North

| No Comments
The Fairbanks News-Miner has this op-ed by seven of Alaska's nine district attorneys:

Many of us are lifelong prosecutors who have spent years in the trenches trying to do the best we can to keep Alaskans safe and seek justice. We work side by side with law enforcement to try and get those offenders off the street who are likely to do more harm, get those offenders into treatment who need some help and achieve the best outcome under the circumstances to protect the community. The current criminal laws tie our hands along with the hands of judges and keep us from achieving these important goals.
Among the problems noted are a lack of consequences for drug offenders, removing an important incentive to them to get clean, a risk assessment tool that doesn't work, particularly with chronic offenders, insufficient consequences for probation and parole violations, and failure of the sex offender registration law to include out-of-state offenders moving to Alaska.

Politicizing a Vigil

| No Comments
Deanna Paul reports for the WaPo:

A vigil commemorating the victims of the STEM School shooting in Colorado ended in protest Wednesday evening after students said they refused to be used as pawns to promote gun control.

Hundreds attended the vigil -- students, teachers, activists and elected officials -- to honor Kendrick Castillo, the 18-year-old who was fatally shot on Tuesday at the STEM School Highlands Ranch in suburban Denver. But Castillo's classmates were moved to protest after invitees Sen. Michael F. Bennet (D-Colo.) and Rep. Jason Crow (D-Colo.) spoke. Many of the teenagers perceived the speeches as politicians politicizing their trauma when they wanted their own voices heard.
Jonathan Turley has this op-ed in The Hill:

The House Judiciary Committee is voting to hold Attorney General William Barr in contempt of Congress and to secure a vote of the entire House of Representatives in order to send the matter to federal court. The problem is that the contempt action against Barr is long on action and short on contempt. Indeed, with a superficial charge, the House could seriously undermine its credibility in the ongoing conflicts with the White House. Congress is right on a number of complaints against the White House, including possible cases of contempt, but this is not one of them.

News Scan

| No Comments
ICE Nabs Illegal Charged With Killing 3:  A previously deported Mexican national charged last weekend with vehicular manslaughter and felony DUI, was arrested by ICE Tuesday while free on bail.  Lloyd Billingsley of the California Globe reports that Ismael Huazo-Jardinez was drunk when he lost control of his pickup truck and slammed into a mobile home late on May 4th in Knights Landing, CA,  killing a married  couple and their 10-year-old son, and critically injuring their 11-year-old daughter.  Danielle Wallace of Fox News reports that the crash also destroyed the neighboring home of the children's grandparents, who escaped uninjured.  According to a neighbor awakened by the crash, "He (Huazo-Jardinez) was so intoxicated I could smell the alcohol from 10 feet away."  The defendant had been deported after a 2011 arrest in Arizona, but had reentered the U.S. illegally and was currently living in Yuba City.  The day after his arrest Huazo-Jardinez was released on $300,000 bail by Sutter County Judge Davis Ashby, although the CHP had asked that bail be set at $1 million or denied.  While ICE was not notified at the time of his release, agents located Huazo-Jardinez at his residence and took him into custody.  Let's hope Judge Ashby is not presiding over the trial. 

The Roadkill Cafe

| No Comments

If you hit an animal with your car, it is presently a crime in California to scrape it off the pavement, take it home, and barbeque it. "Unlawful possession of wildlife" can cost you 6 months and $1K. But Ben Christopher of CalMatters reports that legislation under consideration beneath the copper dome would create a partial exception.

A True Hero

| No Comments
Susan Miller reports for USA Today:

Kendrick Castillo - only days from graduation - acted fast inside of his British literature class at a suburban Denver school Tuesday afternoon. And he paid with his life.

When a gunman burst through the door at STEM School Highlands Ranch, barking at students to stay in place and not move, Castillo, 18, rushed the shooter. It was a quick-thinking move that fellow students said gave them a chance to bolt for safety or take cover under desks.

"Kendrick lunged at (the gunman), and he shot Kendrick, giving all of us enough time to get underneath our desks, to get ourselves safe, and to run across the room to escape," senior Nui Giasolli told NBC's Today on Wednesday morning. Other students helped Castillo tackle the shooter, classmates said.
Debra Saunders reports for the Las Vegas Review-Journal:

WASHINGTON -- Can Attorney General William Barr thumb his nose at Congress and get away with it? Can the nation's top lawman refuse to honor a House Judiciary Committee subpoena for an unredacted version of Special Counsel Robert Mueller's report and not pay a penalty?

In 2012, then-Attorney General Eric Holder did just that. Holder defied a congressional subpoena to furnish documents about "Fast and Furious," a program to attempt to trace gun trafficking along the Southwest border that went awry. The House held Holder in contempt, but since Holder declined to indict himself, the controversy faded. Holder resigned in 2015.

News Scan

| 3 Comments
5th Circuit: Injured Cop Can Sue BLM:  A unanimous Fifth Circuit decision announced last month will allow a Baton Rouge police officer, injured during a protest, to sue Black Lives Matter for provoking the confrontation that caused his injuries.  Joe Gyan of The Advocate reports that the officer, listed as John Doe in the lawsuit, was struck by a heavy object during a BLM protest over the 2016 police shooting of Alton Stirling, knocking out his teeth, injuring his jaw and causing a brain injury.  A Baton Rouge police officer fatally shot Sterling during a struggle outside a convenience store in 2016 after being summoned to the store. The 37-year-old had been selling homemade CDs and officers later recovered a loaded revolver from his pocket.  Because he had prior felony convictions, Sterling could not legally carry a gun.  The organizer of the protest, BLM member DeRay Mckesson of Baltimore, is the target of the lawsuit.  The Fifth Circuit decision overturned an earlier district court ruling which concluded that the BLM group was too loosely organized to be held accountable by a lawsuit. 

Should Algorithms Decide Who's Low Risk?  Prisons and courts across the country have been using artificial intelligence to evaluate criminal offenders for nearly two decades.  In California 49 of 58 counties and the state's corrections department use algorithmic risk assessment tools to make decisions on bail, sentencing, probation and eligibility for early release.  Rachael Myrow of KQED reports on a recent study by the Partnership on AI, a group of Silicon Valley heavyweights and civil liberties groups, which found that algorithmic tools are "extremely approximate, extremely inaccurate," according to the group's research director.  While these tools are promoted as providing a means for assessing offenders without human bias, the data used by the algorithms is entered by humans, and may be incomplete or inaccurate, and the code itself may hold the biases of the programmer.  Some tools, such as COMPAS (Correctional Offender Management Profiling for Alternative Sanctions), used by the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR) to assess prison inmates for early release, are proprietary, meaning the owners do not share the source code to allow an assessment of a tool's accuracy.  In 2005, a commonly used static risk assessment tool was utilized by CDCR to determine that child-rapist John Gardner was eligible for parole as a low risk offender.  In 2010, Gardner plead guilty to the attempted rape a 23-year-old Candice Moncayo, the rape and murder of a 14-year Amber Dubois, and the rape and murder of 17-year-old Chelsea King.  While the Partnership on AI is concerned that these algorithms may have possible racial bias, the far more important concern is their obvious failure to accurately predict which criminals can be safely released back into to society.     
At one time, it was common to attack victims of sexual assault with comments like "she was asking for it." We've come a long way since then. Or have we?

It depends in part on whether the true story of the crime fits the narrative that influential people want told.

Christopher Rufo has this article in the City Journal, titled The Wrong Narrative: Seattle elites show little sympathy for a woman raped by a homeless man.

Proposition 57, passed by California voters in November 2016, mandated that all allegations of criminal conduct against a minor (under age 18) must be initiated in juvenile court.  Pre-Proposition 57, minors ages 14+ could be tried in adult court in 1 of 3 ways: (1) statutory waiver; (2) prosecutorial waiver; or (3) judicial waiver.  Proposition 57 eliminated options 1 and 2.  In early 2018, the California Supreme Court held that Proposition 57 applied retroactively to all cases that were not final at the time of its enactment.  (See my post here for more details).

Alexander Cervantes was 14 years old when he was directly charged as an adult for committing horrific sex crimes against a 13-year-old girl.  Cervantes was convicted by a jury and his case was pending on appeal when Proposition 57 passed.  (CJLF filed a brief in his case arguing that Prop 57 should not be applied retroactively).  He benefited from the Proposition's retroactivity and his case was sent back to the juvenile court so that a judge could decide if his case should stay there or be transferred to adult court.  However, while his transfer hearing was pending, former California Governor Jerry Brown signed SB 1391.  SB 1391 "repeal[ed] the authority of a District Attorney to make a motion to transfer" 14- and 15-year-old offenders from juvenile court to adult court.  There is an odd exception in the law for 14- and 15-year-olds who "were not apprehended prior to the end of juvenile court jurisdiction."  SB 1391 went into effect on 1/1/19.  In a nutshell, 14- and 15-year-old criminals must stay and be tried in juvenile court and in no way can a judge decide if he or she should be transferred to adult court.  This is true regardless of the crime committed.    

News Scan

| 2 Comments
Georgia to Execute Double Murderer:  A Georgia man who murdered his ex-girlfriend and another woman and attempted to kill a third woman is scheduled to be executed by lethal injection today.   Kate Brumback of the Associated Press reports that Scotty Garnell Morrow's attorneys are petitioning for a stay arguing that his sentence is unconstitutional because the sentencing jury did not specify which murder merited the death sentence.  A 2018 Eleventh Circuit decision describes how on December 6, 1994, Morrow beat his ex-girlfriend Barbara Young and raped her twice.  On December 29th, Morrow attacked Young, and her friends Tonya Woods and LaToya Horn in the kitchen of her home.  After shooting Young in the stomach and Horn in the arm, he chased Young into the bedroom and smashed her head into a doorjamb before killing her with a shot to the head.  He then killed Woods with a gunshot to the head and shot Horn in the face.  He then cut the phone line and fled the scene.  Horn survived with permanent injuries.  At sentencing Morrow's attorneys argued that he was essentially a peaceful man who snapped due to a lifetime of rejection and emotional difficulty.   

Update:  Morrow received his lethal injection at last night at 9:26 pm. Two minutes later he yawned and went to sleep.  Before he died he said he was sorry.  The Atlanta Journal Constitution's story on the execution might bring some to tears. 

News Scan

| No Comments
Politically Correct Policing:  After a January 24 article in the Los Angeles Times, announcing that while blacks make up roughly 9% of the city's population nearly half of the police vehicle stops involved black drivers, and a later directive by Mayor Garcetti ordering police to reduce the number of vehicle stops, LAPD officials warn that crime and violence will increase. Cindy Chang of the LA Times reports that while the earlier article on vehicle stops showed that a disproportionate number of black drivers were stopped, there was "no proof of racial profiling."  "But with a progressive mayor and the city's most progressive police chief ever, the LAPD is under unprecedented pressure to pull back from tactics like vehicle stops and data policing that carry implications of racial bias."  The problem is that in South Los Angeles, home to the highest crime districts in the city, most of the residents are black or Latino.  For several years the department's elite Metro squad had used data-based deployment and stop and frisk policing to keep crime rates down in these districts.  But with a coalition of community groups demanding that Metro officers pull out of South LA and the Mayor's directive to back off, the risk of increased crime is very real.  As one police captain noted, "We're trying to stop drive-by shootings.... If we're not here to keep the peace, we're going to have bloodshed."

Monthly Archives