The U.S. Supreme Court today decided Madison v. Alabama, No. 17-7505, confirming that the state was right on the question that everyone thought the case was about -- whether inability to remember the crime alone exempted a murderer from execution. No, it does not.
Of course, a variety of disorders can cause memory loss. So-called "alcoholic blackout," for example, can prevent the transfer of a memory from volatile current memory to long-term storage, like pulling the plug on on your computer before you save a document to the hard drive. Despite inability the remember, the person will have full mental faculties once he sobers up, and he can understand what he did and why he is being punished for it. In Madison's case, though, the underlying cause is vascular dementia, a broader disorder.
Competency for execution cases have mostly involved psychotic disorders, but the underlying rule is not limited to them. Ford v. Wainwright and Panetti v. Quarterman establish a broader rule that a disorder that prevents rational understanding precludes execution. Because the brief ruling of the state court leaves a majority of the U.S. Supreme Court court in doubt whether it applied the right standard, they send the case back.
The decision is 5-3 with Justice Kavanaugh not participating. Justice Alito, joined by Justices Thomas and Gorsuch, dissents from the majority's indulgence of Madison's bait-and-switch:
Continue reading Bait, Switch, and Do-Over on Competency for Execution.