Is it a crime for the Clerk and Speaker of the House of Representatives to sign an enrolled bill that has not, in fact, been approved by a vote of the House?
According to this CRS Report,
What if the bill has not, in fact, been passed by a vote of the House but is merely "deemed" to have passed by a rule? 18 U.S.C. ยง1018 provides,
According to this CRS Report,
The official engrossed copies are prepared by staff in the Office of the Clerk of the House (under the supervision of the House Oversight Committee) and the Office of the Secretary of the Senate. The signature of the clerk or the secretary attests to the passage of the measure and certifies the accuracy of the engrossed text.... An enrolled bill is the final version of a measure agreed to by both chambers. Enrolled bills are printed on parchment and then signed first by the Speaker of the House and secondly by the President of the Senate, or the formally designated Senate presiding officer.
What if the bill has not, in fact, been passed by a vote of the House but is merely "deemed" to have passed by a rule? 18 U.S.C. ยง1018 provides,
Whoever, being a public officer or other person authorized by any law of the United States to make or give a certificate or other writing, knowingly makes and delivers as true such a certificate or writing, containing any statement which he knows to be false, in a case where the punishment thereof is not elsewhere expressly provided by law, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year, or both.
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